This review was first published in the Family Business United on August 22, 2023; https://www.familybusinessunited.com/post/an-unmissable-journey-for-family-business-owners-scholars
About the book:
Francesca Cartier Brickell, whose great-grandfather was the
youngest of the brothers, has traveled the world researching her family's
history, tracking down those connected with her ancestors and discovering
long-lost pieces of the puzzle along the way. Now she reveals never-before-told
dramas, romances, intrigues, betrayals, and more.
The Cartiers also offers a behind-the-scenes look at the
firm's most iconic jewelry- the notoriously cursed Hope Diamond, the Romanov
emeralds, the classic panther pieces, and the long line of stars from the
worlds of fashion, film, and royalty who wore them, from Indian maharajas and
Russian grand duchesses to Wallis Simpson, Coco Chanel, and Elizabeth Taylor.
Published in the two-hundredth anniversary year of the birth
of the dynasty's founder, Louis-François Cartier, this book is a magnificent,
definitive, epic social history shown through the deeply personal lens of one
legendary family.
Review:
Francesca Cartier Brickell's magnum opus, "The Cartiers,"
creates an enthralling narrative that captivated me from the very beginning. As
I delved into the book, I felt part of the Cartier family, standing shoulder to
shoulder with the family members and the illustrious figures that shaped their
history. The author masterfully blends historical facts with personal accounts,
transporting the readers to the grand salons and dazzling soirées of the Belle
Époque, where the Cartiers' creations adorned the crème de la crème of society.
This book is an enchanting exploration of family, business,
artistry, and the timeless allure of the Cartier legacy, the brilliance of a
dynasty that, while no longer owned by the family, continues to thrive as a
testament to their enduring legacy. This must-read book offers invaluable insights
and profound lessons for family business owners and scholars, making it an
essential addition to any family business library.
The book delves into the heart of family dynamics, the
unique opportunities, and challenges that being a family business pose. The
nuances of sibling camaraderie, complex relationships between cousins, shared
vision and family governance, and the circumstances leading to selling the
family members' stake in the business, have been poignantly narrated.
I can safely say that I have read thousands (at least a
thousand plus some more) of books in my lifetime. Many of them are good. Few
are extraordinary. And a handful are books that transported me to being a
witness to the journey, the story. Buddenbrooks by Thomas Mann was one such
book. The Cartiers is the other. While it is not right to compare both, they
are both magnificent in their own right. One significant difference is that
Buddenbrooks is fiction, while the Cartiers is reality! And the reality is
stranger rather more interesting than fiction in this case.
In this fan-girl account and book review, I dwell upon my
journey with the Cartiers in the following paragraphs. In the process, I
highlight a few aspects where Cartiers provide living proof of the theories in
family businesses.
Traveling back in time
One of the book's most compelling aspects is the portrayal
of iconic personalities who adorned Cartier's jewels. From Princess Grace of
Monaco to the incomparable Elizabeth Taylor, their stories intertwine with the
history of the pieces they wore, elevating them to objects of profound
significance, and transporting the readers to the world of passion, resilience,
opulence, and elegance.
Brickell's meticulous research and intimate family anecdotes
allowed me to travel back in time to participate in the Cartier journey. I was
there when the fire broke out in the Cartier store leading monsieur Louis-François
Cartier to be risk averse. I felt his pain when his only son Alfred traveled to
the US, and he pined to be reunited with him. I witnessed Alfred convincing his
eldest son, Louis, to marry a Worth as it would benefit Cartier's name and
business. I celebrated with Alfred when Jean-Jacques Cartier, his first
grandson, was born (albeit with a tinge of guilt. But I had traveled back in
time to 1919, you see! I can't really blame myself for being a part of the
patriarchal society back then).
I rooted for Jacques to return to the business. I cried out
aloud. "Oh, come on, Jacques. Cartiers needs you. Come back soon." I
felt one with Elma and Nelly, like the third band of the Trinity ring.
I witnessed the Eiffel Tower being unveiled and felt the
anxiety of Pierre and Nelly aboard a ship from New York to London when they
heard of the Titanic sinking. I traveled to the durbars of the Gaekwads and the
Nizam of Hyderabad with Jacques.
When Jacques passed away, I sobbed uncontrollably. I felt
the pain of Nelly and Jean-Jacques. I paid my obeisance to the genius of Louis.
I felt the loneliness of Pierre, who lost both his brothers within a year.
Adapting on the go
The Cartiers' journey mirrors the ever-changing landscape of
world society, as their creations adorned monarchs, celebrities, and the crème
de la crème of society. Good jewelry touches every who's who, from the Czarinas
to the Kings, the Nizams, the businessmen, Elizabeth Taylor, the Beatles, Elton
John, and more recently, Deepika Padukone.
As demonstrated in their successful multi-national
transatlantic operations, the Cartiers' ability to embrace change and adapt to
evolving markets aligns with the "Dynamic Capabilities" theory,
allowing them to thrive through turbulent times. As the Romanovs fell and the bodice
gave way for practical clothes for women, as the war raged and even the wealthy
preferred a more austere way of life, as the Maharajas in India paved the way
for democracy and the rare pearls gave way to cultured pearls, the Cartiers
kept adapting through their designs, prices, and products.
Expression of feelings and archiving
Francesca Cartier Brickell found a trunk of letters in her
grandfather's cellar. These letters formed an important source of information
for her book. The letters provided her with the raw emotions expressed by the
writer. When Louis-Francois wrote to his son Alfred, "I don't need to tell
you that I long for your return. You and I are inseparable…," we can feel
him pine for his son. I could imagine Pierre fuming when he wrote to his
nephew, Claude, "…the consequences, serious for you and regrettable for
us."
While the means of communication have increased, they have
become instant, will future generations have such words of expression to
recreate the journeys of the 21st century, which will be history in
the future? Will we have saved WhatsApp messages and phone calls? Do the
torchbearers of business families today express themselves so openly through
emails? The reality is not lost on any of us.
We are in touch more but express less. We talk more but
communicate less. We write more words, but they mean less. We have more storage,
but we have no records of emotions.
The book is a testament to the importance of writing,
expressing, and archiving. This art is dwindling and will cost legacy building
dearly in centuries to come.
Familiness and Resources
At its core, "The Cartiers" is a profound
exploration of the power of family unity and vision in shaping a lasting
legacy. The Cartiers' unwavering belief in brotherhood and collaboration
embodies the concept of "familiness," where the family's collective
strengths drive their entrepreneurial endeavors to remarkable heights.
The book delves into the heart of the Cartier family,
exposing their triumphs and tribulations, successes, and challenges. Brickell
brings forth the complexity of family dynamics, painting a vivid picture of
their relationships and the impact of their shared passion for jewelry. The
interplay of personalities between the Cartier brothers – Louis, Pierre, and
Jacques – was a driving force behind their success, where creative vision,
sales acumen, and financial acuity converged harmoniously. It propelled them
through challenging times, navigating global conflicts, economic downturns, or
changing consumer preferences.
On one occasion, Pierre recognises their strength, "We
brothers are very close, that is our strength" (pg 131). Jean-Jacques
added, "Pierre was a brilliant businessman. He didn't have Louis' creative
vision, but then again, Louis didn't have Pierre's ability for selling or his
understanding of finance... But Pierre understood the markets and he understood
people's motivations. Cartier needed the mix of different talents, you see,
that was one of the reasons that it did so well" (pg 243).
It's not that the brothers did not have differences or
fights. They did. "The trade knew how tight the Cartier brothers were.
That was important. It was one of their strengths-when dealing with one, you
were actually dealing with all three. They had a lot more bargaining power that
way", said Jean- Jacques (pg 330). This crucial lesson in unity is a
beacon for any business family seeking to thrive across generations.
The Cartiers also demonstrate the resources acquired through
marriage in a family business. All three sons of Alfred Cartier, and Alfred
himself, married into families that benefited the Cartier business. The
strategic alliances forged through marriage enhanced their reputation and
helped them build strong family social capital. The Cartiers' embrace of such
unions underscores the importance of carefully curated partnerships and their
role in building lasting success.
Family governance and togetherness
In 1906, "Not wanting any arguments between his sons,
Alfred had a dispute resolution clause built into the firm's constitutional
documents. If there was a disagreement between Louis and Pierre, the matter
should be resolved by either Alfred or, interestingly, Louis' father-in-law,
Jean-Philippe Worth." There was even a family council in place. Most
business families don't have a stated dispute resolution mechanism or a
constitution, even today! They must have one! The Cartiers' shareholding also
changed and kept up with the growing multi-national transatlantic operations.
However, the presence of family governance mechanisms did
not prevent the Cartiers from eventually selling off their stake in the firm. I
think one reason the family sold out their stake was the dwindling bond within
the fourth-generation members, their bond with the business, and the passion to
keep it in the family.
The fourth generation of the Cartiers grew up apart due to
the third generation primarily living in three different far-off cities. They
did not have the same bond as the third generation, which had grown up
together. Brickell laments, "But whereas three close brothers with
complementary talents could survive the storms life threw at them, from a huge
global conflict to a great depression, the cousins, lacking the same bond and
shared upbringing, found the challenges of the postwar world overwhelming"
(pg 539).
I also felt the pressure on Claude, Marion and Claudel, and
Jean- Jacque to live up to their predecessors. Each one of them handled it
differently. The tussle between Pierre and Claudel was unfortunate. But who was
wrong, and who was right? I felt anger towards Claudel, but could I blame him
for being different from the rest of the flock? I could feel the weight on his
shoulders and the rebellion, perhaps because of it.
In the end, family bonding, pride in the family name, and
shared values keep the family and the business together. Brickell wonders,
"Perhaps, as a unified family, the Cartiers might have adapted to the
changes sweeping through the luxury world, but apart and alone, they could
not" (pg 536). Perhaps. It is difficult to say in hindsight. But I would
like to believe it too.
From the time Louis shifted to the US, accounts of his
lifestyle there did not leave me with a good feeling. After that, the sale of
New York and Paris branches did not surprise me. The writing was on the wall,
in a sense. His last will and testament read, "Division in families
creates ruin and misery. I command my heirs to maintain harmony among
themselves and with their cousins " (pg 381). Unfortunately, Louis'
caution could not prevent the sale of the New York Maison by his son, the first
nail in the coffin.
Resilience
The book weaves through tumultuous events such as the World
Wars, the sinking of the Titanic, and the great depression, where unforeseen
circumstances and personal emotions intertwined with the fate of the business.
Their united front and complementary talents fuelled their resilience through
trying times.
I shared the family's despair as the war raged, with Jean
Jacques on military service, Louis and Jacques not keeping well, important
clients fleeing from London, Paris, and as America joined the war. I watched in
horror as Milton Heath was bombed.
This period seemed so much like the Covid times. Family
members worrying about each other, and businesses shut down completely. I would
probably not have understood or related to what the Cartiers were going through
if I had not lived through the Covid era.
The Cartiers survived these periods and came out stronger
each time due to their vision, passion, innovative strategies, and
togetherness.
Innovation
From a humble beginning in Paris to the global prominence of
the brand, the Cartiers built an empire, one gemstone at a time. The Cartiers'
unwavering dedication to craftsmanship and their innate ability to cater to the
desires of royalty and celebrities alike are portrayed with such vividness that
it's almost palpable. Their creations become more than just jewelry; they
transform into symbols of love, power, and human emotion.
Louis's "Never copy, only create" mantra ran
through the entire organization, irrespective of the location and the brother
handling the business. The Cartiers' devotion to their craft and innovative
spirit is encapsulated in their iconic creations, such as the Trinity ring and
the Tank watch, which symbolize enduring love and timeless elegance.
While change is the only constant, and the Cartiers kept
adapting to the changing customer preferences, the Cartier style remained a
constant.
Other stakeholders
Brickell's attention to detail illuminates the family's
commitment to their craft, evident in their unwavering focus on quality and
customer relationships. I traveled alongside the Cartiers and witnessed their
interactions with esteemed clients. These accounts underscore the importance of
nurturing relationships with customers and the role of exceptional service in
elevating a family business to new heights.
The book also delves into the profound impact of dedicated
employees, showcasing how their passion and loyalty contributed to Cartier's
reputation for unparalleled craftsmanship. The Cartiers' commitment to
nurturing a talented and loyal workforce exemplifies the "Family Human
Capital" concept, where family members' and employees' shared values and
dedication contribute to the company's sustainable growth.
All three brothers relied heavily on their loyal employees,
entrusting them with substantial responsibilities and giving them a free hand
to run the business. The Cartier brothers empowered their team and nurtured a
culture of excellence. Allowing them to excel in their roles and contribute to the
company's growth was instrumental in building long-term success for the family
firm. I deeply appreciated the role of employees like Toussaint, Jacqueau,
Muffat, Glaezner, Hasey, Bellenger, Devaux, and many more in keeping the
Cartier flag flying high in war and peace, in times of family unity and
otherwise.
At one time during my journey with Pierre Cartier, I asked him
incredulously if Jules Glaezner actually arranged for the stars of a hotly
anticipated play to wear Cartier jewels on stage during their performance, then
invited "several carefully selected clients, to attend the performance in
a special box with him"? Glaenzer had actually selected the jewels for the
actors with these clients' tastes in mind. After the show, he went backstage
with his guests to meet the actors and collect the necklaces, bandeaux, and
bracelets. He then announced that carrying such a huge amount of valuable
jewelry would be too risky. Instead, he proposed that each of his female guests
select an item to wear for the remainder of the evening and that he would
collect it from each of them the following morning. He then took his guests out
to a nightclub, where, as intended, their jewels were much admired. The next
day, a Cartier delivery boy called at the guests' homes for the jewelry only to
find that each woman had decided to buy what she had been wearing the previous
evening (pg 253-254).
It was usual for multiple generations of the same family to
work at Cartier. Many Cartier employees in all three branches worked for them
for decades.
Indian connection
Being an Indian, I cannot but devote a sub-section to the
role the Indian Maharajas played in the Cartier's rise. Though, it's not without
the realisation that it was the period when the struggle for independence from
British rule was underway, and the grandeur of the Indian royalties seems
misplaced. But then, really, who am I to judge?
The book's portrayal of the Indian Maharajas and their
penchant for extravagant jewels adds a mesmerizing facet to the Cartiers'
journey. I traversed the opulent durbars of the Gaekwads, the Nizam of
Hyderabad, the Maharaja of Patiala, and the Maharaja of Nawanagar, alongside
Jacques. Jacques's escapades to India seem like a dream. Imagine him bringing
his Rolls Royce to India! I am thinking of his Rolls Royce on roads where there
were no roads!
India was once called the "golden bird," and the
intertwining of the Cartier's legacy with the wealth and grandeur of Indian
royalties was, therefore, no surprise. Yet, the extent left me gaping in awe.
When Muffat was summoned by the Maharaja of Patiala, Maharaja Bhupinder Singh,
and he opened one gem after another from a trunk full of gems, Paul Muffat
tried to hide his awe. I did not. I stood there with my mouth open!
Conclusion
I read the book with a childlike awe and wonder. I did not
want the book to end. Francesca Cartier Brickell's extraordinary narrative has
etched an indelible mark on my soul, allowing me to traverse time with the
Cartiers, witnessing their triumphs and sharing their heartaches. When I stood
alongside Brickell at the crypt, my eyes were wet. I felt the connection with
the Cartier ancestors more deeply than she would have realised that any reader
would.
For family business scholars, "The Cartiers" is a
treasure trove of examples that compliments the theories. The book offers a
rich tapestry of the Cartiers' experiences, exploring topics such as familiness,
succession planning, intergenerational collaboration, the role of communication
in maintaining family harmony, family constitution, and the intersection of
family and business values. These lessons provide a unique opportunity for
scholars to delve into the complexities of family enterprises and draw
inspiration from a remarkable family business and the family that created and
nurtured it.
For the family business owners, "The Cartiers" is
a timeless journey that will speak directly to them, offering a profound
understanding of the enduring power of unity, passion, and vision. They will
find themselves nodding in recognition in many places as if looking into a
mirror reflecting their experiences. It provides invaluable lessons, and a
poignant reminder of the lasting impact a family's commitment can have on
generations to come.
In conclusion, "The Cartiers" by Francesca Cartier Brickell is an exquisite literary gem that navigates the depths of family business dynamics with grace and insight. I have read numerous books on business families. But none is as exquisite, fascinating, and emotional as the journey of the renowned Cartier family through the ages!
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